RG-WIS User Manual V3.5
. About WIS
WIS is short forWireless Intelligent Service. It’s a set of wireless intelligent operation andmaintenance (O&M) solutions. It provides complete O&M services for excellentwireless network experience, including a single client view and hierarchicalviews of operation investors. It provides various one-click functions, such as preview,health check, diagnosis, optimization, reports, defense, and upgrade. WIS meetsall requirements from delivery to preventive O&M and presentation.
WIS is a unique O&Msystem for wireless networks, which focuses on the ultimate user experience. WIScan:
l Visualizewireless networks and automatically optimize them.
l Followthe Internet and industry trends and renovate the interaction manner.
l Allowself-definition.
WIS simplifies network O&Mand enables convenient network O&M for infinite possibilities.
During O&M, WIS isconfronted by challenges concerning technologies, real-timeness, and reports.
Ø WISsolution to challenges concerning technologies
The difficulty ofwireless networks mainly lies in their uncertainty and instability, includingthe following five challenges:
1. Coverageholes are caused by uncertain coverage range of wireless signals.
2. Interferenceis caused by band sharing.
3. Access to aninappropriate AP is caused due to client difference and personalization, as theclient can choose the AP to be accessed.
4. Authenticationfailures are caused by the open communication environment and differentauthentication manners of vendors.
5. Roamingfailures are caused by the nature of mobility.
WIS provides targeted solutions to thepreceding five challenges. For details, see Chapter 4.
Ø WISsolution to challenges concerning real-time network problem discovery
WIS collects data about user experience and running statusof the network-wide devices in real time. In addition, WIS allows self-definitionof problem reporting rules.
Ø WISsolution to challenges concerning O&M reports
The O&M report includes the routinenetwork running report and network optimization report.
The detailedreport can be displayed and exported from the report module of WIS. It covers informationsuch as the network device scale, client scale, rough client distribution, peakhours, and basic status of wireless experience. After the network is optimized,a report about the comparison between the effects before and after optimizationis automatically generated.
. WISDeployment
2.1 WISSupport Status
| Version (11.X) | Release Status | WIS Support Status |
| 11.1(5)B7 or Later | Official release | The AC’s firmware version should be later than B7. Recommend to use the latest official release. |
2.2 Access toWIS
The following figure showsthe WIS access procedure.
1. Register a WIS account by accessing our official website: WIS.ruijienetworks.com( Chrome browser is recommended )
2. Create a project:
3. Connect the project :
4. Add the MAC Address of AC
5. Copy thefollowing commands to AC:
6. Complete. The project date will be sent to WIS platform in a hour.Then you can access WIS platform（http://WIS.ruijientworks.com） to use it
2.3 Bandwidth Required by WIS
| Scale | Peak Data Volume (Within 5 Minutes) | Average Bandwidth in Peak Hours | Weekly Average Bandwidth |
| 5,000 STA ACàServer | 7.2 MB | 200 kbps | 30 kbps |
| 20 STA APàAC | 21 KB | 560 bps | 100 bps |
. WIS Navigation
3.1 Navigation Views
3.1.1 View Elements
The navigation pane on the left displays the information aboutthe entire network by default. Click the expand area button to specify an area.Areas are automatically classified by the AP group and AP name and can bemanually adjusted in the background.
The drop-down list box on the top of the right area allowsyou to switch between project views.
3.1.2 Overview
This section describeshow to assess a wireless network from different dimensions and how to discoverpossible network problems.
The Overviewpage presents the overall network status and current network scores.
On the Overviewpage, you can learn about:
l Basicnetwork status: including the equipment stability, user stability, and signalcoverage
l Clientuse status: including the client activation (network dependency), and onlineexperience and analysis
l Networksaturation: including the network capacity utilization and channel usage
Notifications:including notifications of emergencies
You can access thedetails page from the overview of each dimension.
| Note: Wireless networks are assessed from three major dimensions (six refined dimensions). | |
| Basic Network Status | Helps you learn about the equipment stability and user stability, so as to determine the stability of wired and wireless lines and whether there are poor coverage areas with high network requirements, thereby providing effective basis for device supplement. |
| Client Use Status | Helps you assess client dependency on the wireless network by time and traffic. It displays values of the wireless network construction in an intuitive way. User experience is graded into Good, Average, Fair, Online Hard, and Inactive Clients based on the packet loss rate, delay, and traffic data. You can assess the user experience of the entire network according to portions of the five user experience levels and locate causes for poor experience. |
| Network Saturation | Helps you learn about client distribution of each area intuitively via the network capacity utilization and find out busy areas at each time point and channel usage of each area, thereby providing basis for network deployment and optimization. |
The data of the overallnetwork is classified into experience, client, and equipment data. The followingdescribes the Experience, Clients and Devices sub pages.
Notes: The update frequency ofeach type of data varies with requirements. For example, the online client quantityis updated every five minutes. Accumulated Clients, Peak, Tx.Traffic, and Rx.Traffic are statistics of the current day.Experience data is updated every five minutes. Client activation data is updatedevery hour. For details, see the attached table.
Experience
Ø Overview: Displays userexperience assessment and user experience distribution of every hour in one day.Click the experience distribution chart to view the details of the clients withpoor experience, including basic data and major cause analysis.
Experience measurementis the fundamental function of WIS. WIS employs the machine-learning algorithmto assess the user experience based on various types of indicators andparameters involved in the communication process of each client that accessesthe wireless network. The parameters include signal strength, delay, packetloss, traffic, channel quality, and access process. The user experience is gradedinto Good, Average, Fair, Online Hard, and InactiveClients. Online Hard means that even the text applications requiringminimum resources cannot be used smoothly, and the experience is poor. Clickthe chart to display the list of the clients with poor experience. The userexperience is measured every five minutes.
Ø Causes: Providesdetailed analysis on the five aspects that affect user experience of thewireless network, including interference, coverage, roaming, access, andauthentication. The preceding figure shows the signal interference. For otherviews, refer to WISGUIs.
| Five Aspects Affecting User Experience | |
| Interference | Shows the signal interference of the local network and other networks and the impact with reference to the channel usage and current client traffic, so as to find out busy channels. In the channel usage diagram, the y-axis indicates channel and the x-axis indicates time, to display the hourly channel status. The network saturation diagram displays the percentages of private signals of the local network and other networks. The interference diagram displays the interference caused by the private Wi-Fi signals to the network. The density of the private Wi-Fi signals indicates the interference severity. The statistics of private Wi-Fi signals can be obtained only after Gentle Scan is enabled. |
| Coverage | Displays signal coverage of each area. The coverage status is graded into Good, Average, and Fair. You can select an area with a coverage problem to display the coverage status of the whole day and details about the AP that generates the coverage problem at a certain moment. In this way, you can find out the areas with poor coverage and the number of the affected clients. |
| Roaming | Displays the percentage of clients confronted by roaming stickiness in the moving process. The roaming problem is analyzed based on the roaming stickiness distribution and percentage of each type of clients confronted by roaming stickiness. |
| Access | Provides access experience assessment based multiple dimensions such as the access failure percentage, abnormal network dropout percentage, access time consumption, and access stability. You can find out the improvement points of network access experience by analyzing the causes (such as the client limitation, RSSI, remote association, and equipment instability) for access failure and abnormal network dropout. |
| Authentication | Provides analysis and comparison on the success rates and efficiency of different authentication manners, so as to recommend the most stable authentication manner to users. You can also track the authentication data of a single client, to rapidly workout the authentication improvement method. |
Ø ExpertAnalysis: allowsyou to customize the area, time, indicator, parameter, and so on for data filtering.
Clients
Ø Overview:Displaysthe online client quantity of the entire network (including 2.4G/5G clients),Rx/Tx traffic trend, accumulated Rx/Tx traffic, as well as client and trafficdistribution of each area, which enables you to learn about the peak hours anddense areas.
Ø Activation: Displays clientstability, retention rate analysis, and three sub tabs: Comprehensive, Uptime-Based,and Traffic-Based. The Activation tab helps you obtain data aboutthe client group change and the dependency on the network.
Ø Monitor: Displaysdetails about all online clients by default. The details are updated once everyfive minutes. You can specify the MAC address, time (for displaying the history),and network parameters for filtering. Click a client to display client details.You can track client traces, including the comprehensive experience scores,historical score trend, online/offline history, roaming trace, and so on.
Devices
Ø Overview: Displays basicinformation about the AC and AP, including online/offline statuses, devicemodels, firmware versions, and hardware versions.
Ø OverallMonitor:Monitors devices at the management layer, which enables you to learn about thedevices that abnormally drop out of the network, that are powered off, and thatgenerate CPU/MEM/client quantity alarms.
Ø Real-TimeMonitor:Displays the running statuses of all online devices by default. The statusesare updated once every five minutes. This tab page shows the number of theclients that access the AP, the 2.4G/5G client distribution, the Rx/Tx traffic,and the number of clients that successfully access the AP but yield poorexperience. You can specify the MAC address and time (for displaying the history)for filtering. Click a device to display details. You can track device traces,including the critical traces (online/offline statuses, alarms) of each device,comprehensive scores of radio services, association trend of clients,experience trend, and so on.
Involvedindicatorsinclude the total load of an area, air interface rates of all the APs in thearea, the average delay and packet loss rate of all clients in the area.
Deviceinformation includes the AP/AC quantity, models, versions, and the banddistribution, vendor distribution, OS distribution, and SSID distribution ofcurrently online clients.
3.1.3 Optimization
This section describeshow to solve the network problems.
Only the projectadministrator is allowed to perform optimization operations that involveconfiguration delivery. Forced scanwill drop clients out of the network twice within ten minutes. Therefore, you must copy commands to the AC for command execution.
Health Check
Ø Procedurefor one-click optimization:
Preliminary Health Check->Select Scenario -> Check -> Push Commands ->Finish
Ø PreliminaryHealth Check
Basedon the currently collected user experience data, AP data, and deviceconfiguration, WIS determines the entire network is risky and prepares apreliminary assessment report. The report includes aspects such as coverage,experience, channel planning, power planning, and network saturation.
Note:For the network for which the channel power has never been configured, it isrecommended to choose Optimization > Config Planning tocarry out basic configuration before monitoring.
Ø SelectScenario
Drag the APgroup to the corresponding scenario. Different scenario has differentoptimization strategy. If your environment doesn’t match any of these scenario,you may just choose the general scenario.
After thescenario selecting, you can follow the guidance displayed on the webpage andfinish the scanning and optimization. WIS would automatically push theoptimization solution to the AC.
Afterthe scan is completed, check data integrity. For groups with the data loss rateexceeding 10%, it is recommended to perform the scan again. If the data loss rateis less than 10%, proceed to the next step. WIS automatically combines the datacollected from multiple scans in the background.
Intelligent Access
WISprovides intelligentaccess for the roaming stickiness and remote association functions. Intelligentaccess can be enabled by group. After a group is monitored for a period oftime, consider whether to enable optimization. If roaming stickiness isserious, enable optimization. The following shows examples of roamingstickiness monitoring and optimization.
Ø RoamingStickiness (optional)
If roaming stickiness exists, enable this function. Roamingstickiness is relevant to the NIC capability of clients. When this function isenabled, WIS continuously monitors performance of each client in the backgroundand automatically guides the client to access a proper AP. This function can beenabled or disabled based on groups.
Note: This function can achieve best effects only whenpower planning is proper. However, the client will drop out of the network whenit is guided to access a proper AP.
Ø RemoteAssociation (optional)
Remote association is caused by improper powerconfiguration of AP management packets. As a result, clients choose a fartherAP for access, causing a great difference between the uplink and downlink ratesand poor user experience.
After this function is enabled, WIS continuously monitorsand optimizes client access in the background, to ensure that only one APprovides strong signals within the coverage.
This function enables continuous convergence until theoccurrence possibility of remote association is less than 10%. This functioncan be enabled or disabled based on groups.
Config Planning
The Config Planningpage provides Power Plan, Config Check, and Scheduled Changefunctions, as shown in the following figure:
Ø PowerPlan
The one-click optimization functionincludes power optimization. Power optimization is recommended only when thesystem discovers that power of many areas is set to the default value. Configurationitems of power optimization include Power Local, Beacon, and ResponseRssi.
Notes:
1. Ifthe power on site has been properly adjusted, do not use the one-click optimizationfunction.
2. Currently,power optimization involves a group of default parameters, which are suitablefor wall APs in dorms, indoor APs in offices, and APs with even client distributionnearby. These default parameters are unsuitable and are not recommended foroutdoor APs.
Ø ScheduledChange
3.1.4 Data Analysis
The data analysismodule is extensible based on user requirements. WIS only provides the clientcapacity analysis.
3.2Optimization Problems and Solutions
Channel Interference
Problem description:If channels are not properly planned, it is very likely that neighbor APs usethe same channel. This increases co-channel interference and deteriorates wirelesstransmission quality. Proper channel optimization can effectively reduceconflicts and improve wireless transmission, and in extreme cases, can increasethe throughput by 15 times, achieving rapid and smooth network access. Channeloptimization provides network-wide scan, and calculates the optimal channelplanning to minimize interference.
Solution: Enable thescan mode to scan co-channel interference from neighbor APs and calculate theoptimal channel allocation solution.
Note: There aretwo scan modes: forced scan and gentle scan. Both of them take ten minutes. In forced scan mode, clients will be dropped out of thenetwork twice during the scan. In gentle scan mode, clients will not be droppedout of the network. However, the collected data may be less comprehensive. Thismode can be enabled in peak hours to determine the general interference status,which may cause delay perceptible to users for services such as games.
Power Optimization
Problem description: Wirelessdevices involve two types of power: local power and beacon power. Local power isthe Tx power of the AP antenna. Beacon power is the power used by the AP totransmit beacon and probe response packets. If the beacon power is notconfigured, both beacon and probe response packets are transmitted by using thelocal power. If the beacon power is configured, both beacon and probe responsepackets are transmitted by using the beacon power. Beacon power is usually usedto reduce AP coverage. Simply speaking, excessively high local power willincrease interference, while excessively low local power will reduce the APdownlink rate and affect AP throughput and user experience. On the other hand,excessively high beacon power will result in overlarge AP coverage, thereby causingremote access and frequent roaming and deteriorating user experience, while excessivelylow beacon power will result in insufficient coverage.
Solution:
a. Initialpower:The default power of Ruijie APs is 100% without beacon power. Field tests showthat, for indoor settled APs, indoor wall APs with even coverage (for example,coverage of APs deployed in corridors for rooms on both sides is uneven), theinitial power benchmarks for balance between coverage and rates are 17 dB forthe 2.4 GHz frequency band, 25 dB for the 5 GHz frequency band, and 12dB for2.4G beacon packets.
The 5 GHz attenuation is higher than 2.4GHz attenuation. Therefore, the 5 GHz initial power is higher than the 2.4 GHzinitial power so that clients choose the 5 GHz frequency band for access.
b. Long-termfine adjustment 1: After remote association is identified, WIStries to adjust the beacon power to a proper value by a step of 1 dB. This typeof adjustment requires long-term collection of network access statuses forautomatic convergence.
c. Long-termfine adjustment 2: WIS detects the signal strength and uplinkand downlink rates of the associated AP.Based on the relation between the rates and signal strength, WIS determineswhether the local power of the AP is proper, and then implements long-term fineadjustment.
Remote Association
Problem description: Thepower of AP2 is higher than that of AP1 nearby, and therefore a client regardsthat signals of AP2 are stronger. In fact, the distance between the client and AP2is longer. Although downlink signals of AP2 are stronger, uplink signals areweak. Therefore, user experience is poor. The client should access AP1 toachieve balanced uplink and downlink signal strength and good experience. Remoteassociation is a major network problem apart from interference, and affectsexperience of a wide range of users.
Solution: WIScollects detection information of clients on the entire network to analyze thenetwork status of the client. When WIS identifies severely unbalanced uplinkand downlink signal strength and discovers an AP more suitable for access, WIS performsfine power adjustment for long-term optimization and convergence.
Roaming Stickiness
Problem description: In the movingprocess, a client will handed over from AP1 to AP2 that is at a closer distance.However, some clients may stick to the original AP that is at a longerdistance, which is called roaming stickiness. In this case, user experience isbad. To solve this problem, access navigation is provided. Roaming stickinessis similar to remote association in terms of phenomena, but their solutions aredifferent. If remote access occurs on a wide range of clients, WIS regards thatremote association occurs and the AP power needs to be adjusted. If certain clientsstick to the original AP and do not roam, WIS regards that roaming stickinessoccurs, and access navigation is required.
Solution: WISdetermines whether clients need to roam according to signal changes of the clients,and determines whether a more appropriate AP exists near the clients based onprobe requests. Finally, WIS determines whether to navigate clients based on userexperience.
Notes: Currently,there is no groundbreaking method for avoiding intermittent disconnection of terminalscaused by access navigation. This intermittentdisconnection is imperceptible in general. Comparedwith the algorithm employed by WIS, theconventional access navigation algorithm cannot identify whether clients are atnetwork edges, and access of these edge clients is limited, resulting in poorexperience. Moreover, the conventional access navigation algorithm forcedlyuses the RSSI value as the navigation threshold, even in cases where userexperience is still good upon stickiness.
3.3 Optimization Suggestions
Comply with the followingrules to implement remote and on-site optimization.
1. Obtain basicinformation about the customer.
Learn about models of major devices,deployment mode (even deployment or corridor deployment for room coverage), andmajor services.
2. After WIS isaccessed, collect data for one or two hours to provide a comprehensiveassessment.
Learn about the device scale of the entirenetwork, client scale, rough client distribution, peak hours, and userexperience (delay, packet loss rate, speed, and channel usage).
3. Observetraffic in peak hours.
4. Perform the gentlescan to detect the private Wi-Fi signal status, and enable remote associationand roaming stickiness monitoring.
5. Perform the forcedscan in allowed periods of time to determine the co-channel interferencestatus, and check whether the result of the forced scan is consistent withempirical judgment with reference to the result of the gentle scan.
6. Collect dataof a whole day to determine whether to deliver optimization policies.
i. Optimizationis strongly recommended if channel and power planning are not performed in thenetwork at all or not performed in a large area.
ii. Optimizationis recommended if channel usage is high and interference is serious.
iii. Enableaccess navigation in the case of remote association and roaming stickiness.
. FAQ
4.1 ACcannot connect to WIS
Step 1: run the"wis debug-cli 12" command on AC
Ruijie(Config)# wisdebug-cli 12
Wis_global_enable [enable] -----whether the function is enabled
Wis_control_enable [enable] -----whether the communication between AC and WIS isnormal
Server [xx.xx.xx.xx:port] ------whether the WIS server address is configured
Source [a.b.c.d] ------whether the source IP is designated
If"Wis_control_enable" shows disabled, it means the AC cannot access tothe WIS server. You need to check the internet connection and make sure the ACcan access to the internet first.
Step 2: run thefollowing commands on ac:
Ruijie#run-system-shell
~ # curl -Ihttp://35.187.254.197:80/wis/tlv
If the command returnsany kind of error, like "couldn't connect to server" or "loginis required", it means there would be a firewall in the network orauthentication is required. We need to make sure the tunnel from AC to WISserver's 80 and 443 ports is normal.
Step 3: check the WISproject info on WIS site:
We need to make surethe AC's MAC address is correctly added on WIS. Note: If VAC is performed, allMAC addresses of VAC members should be added to WIS.
If the above stepsstill cannot resolve your problem, please contact us on Skyep:service_rj@ruijienetworks.com
4.2 Somediagrams of WIS cannot be shown correctly
You may try thefollowing steps to resolve the issue:
Step 1: make sure theAC's time is correctly set.
Step 2: make sure theWIS project's country code is correctly set.
If any of the abovesetting is modified, please wait 15 mins and see if the diagram can be showncorrectly.
If the above steps still cannot resolve your issue, please contact us onSkype: service_rj@ruijienetworks.com
Thank you. We will inform you of our response as soon as possible. 
